Investigations/Affidavits for Substituted Service
When service fails

Diligence documented well enough to win the motion

Comprehensive investigative affidavits for substituted, electronic, publication, posted & Secretary of State service.

Alternative service lives or dies on the affidavit. Rule 106(b) requires a sworn statement identifying where the defendant can probably be found and stating specifically the facts showing attempted service failed there. Rule 109 imposes an independent duty on the court to inquire into the sufficiency of your diligence before rendering judgment. We build the record that satisfies both — and holds up when the judgment is later attacked.

✔ TX PI License #A29721001 ✔ Statewide & nationwide reach ✔ Court-ready deliverables
The standard

What the court is actually weighing

Judges deny these motions for predictable reasons. Every affidavit we produce is written against the three things the court has to be able to find on the face of the record.

Specific facts, not conclusionsAn affidavit reciting "diligent search" without saying what was searched, on what date, and with what result is a conclusion. Every assertion in ours is tied to a dated, sourced, reproducible step the court can inspect.
Reasonably calculated to give noticeDue process asks whether the requested method is reasonably calculated under the circumstances to apprise the defendant of the suit. We document why this method reaches this defendant — not why it works in general.
A record that survives the attackSubstituted service is strictly construed, and a thin record invites a restricted appeal or bill of review months later. We write toward the second look, not just the first signature.
The affidavits

One affidavit for each way the court — or the Secretary of State — can be reached

Each is built to the finding its rule requires — not a generic "due diligence" form with the caption changed. Pick the method you're asking for, or tell us the facts and we'll recommend the strongest one.

TRCP 106(b)(1)

Substitute Service Affidavit

What it establishesThe defendant's usual place of abode or business — or another place where the defendant can probably be found — and the specific facts showing that personal delivery and certified mail were attempted there and failed.
  • Multiple attempts worked at varied days and times, each GPS-stamped and timestamped
  • Occupant, neighbor, and property-management confirmation that the subject resides or works there
  • Vehicle presence and registration cross-check under DPPA-permissible use
  • Utility, postal, voter, and employment corroboration of the address
  • Photographs of the residence, entry, and unit identifiers
  • Proposed order language for leave-with-anyone-16-or-older or affix-to-door
Quoted per matter
TRCP 106(b)(2)

Electronic, Social Media, Email & Text Service Affidavit

What it establishesThat a specific account, address, or number belongs to this defendant, is in current and active use, and is therefore reasonably effective to give notice of the suit.
  • Account attribution — profile identifiers, photographs, employment, location data, and mutual connections tied back to the defendant
  • Evidence of recent, active use, captured with dates rather than asserted
  • Preservation captures with source URLs, capture timestamps, and hash values
  • Cross-platform corroboration against known phones, emails, and address history
  • Carrier and mailbox deliverability verification where obtainable
  • Why physical methods are unavailable or unlikely to reach this defendant
  • Proposed order naming the platform, the account, and the manner of transmission
Quoted per matter
TRCP 109

Citation by Publication — Diligent Search Affidavit

What it establishesThat the defendant's residence is unknown, that the defendant is a transient person, or that the defendant is absent from or a nonresident of the state — after a diligent search the court can examine step by step. Our affidavit supports counsel's Rule 109 affidavit; it does not replace the oath of the party, the party's agent, or the attorney.
  • Full identity resolution and dated address-history timeline
  • Independent sweeps across multiple licensed investigative platforms
  • Social media and OSINT sweep with attribution and preservation
  • County, state, and federal incarceration, plus death and probate records
  • Postal, voter, licensing, and employment checks
  • Relative, associate, and last-known-employer contacts logged with dates and outcomes
  • A closing recitation of every avenue exhausted and the dates each was worked
Quoted per matter
TRCP 109a

Posting & Substituted Service in Lieu of Publication

What it establishesThat a method other than publication — posting, mail to a confirmed address, electronic transmission, or delivery to a relative or employer — is as likely as publication to give the defendant actual notice, the finding the court must recite in its order. In eviction suits, the same showing supports alternative service under Rule 510.4(b) when personal and mail service fail.
  • Side-by-side showing of publication's realistic reach against the proposed alternative
  • Evidence supporting the alternative channel — confirmed address, active account, verified employment
  • Proposed posting location with the applicable local and statutory posting requirements
  • Return language and evidence-attachment plan so the officer's return states the manner of service particularly
  • Supporting facts for the court's required actual-notice recital
  • Evictions: sworn statement of the attempts made and the facts supporting alternative delivery under Rule 510.4(b), formatted for the justice court
Quoted per matter
BOC §5.251 · CPRC §17.044

Secretary of State Service — Reasonable Diligence Affidavit

What it establishesThat the entity's registered agent could not, with reasonable diligence, be found at the registered office on file with the Secretary of State (Bus. Orgs. Code §5.251), or that a nonresident defendant doing business in Texas has no regular place of business or designated agent here (CPRC §17.044) — the showing that makes the Secretary's certificate of service the foundation of a default judgment that holds.

Pairs with Encore's Secretary of State delivery: we take the duplicate copies to Austin, pay the statutory fee, and return the Secretary's certificate for your file.

  • Attempts at the registered office on record with the Secretary of State, at varied days and times, GPS-stamped and photographed
  • Confirmation that the agent is no longer at the address on file — suite directory, building management, forwarding and returned-mail status, and current occupant
  • SOS filing status, registered agent of record, and franchise-tax standing captured with the date each was checked
  • For nonresidents under §17.044: a verified home or home-office address so the Secretary's forwarding under §17.045 reaches the defendant and the record survives a Whitney challenge
  • Affidavit of reasonable diligence formatted to attach to the request for Secretary of State service and the motion for default
Quoted per matter
Add-on to any affidavit

Motion & proposed order preparation

The affidavit is the evidence; the motion is the ask. On request we prepare the draft motion and proposed order that go with it — built on the same facts, keyed to the same exhibits, and written to the finding the rule requires — so counsel reviews, revises, and signs rather than starting from a blank page.

Drafts are prepared at counsel's direction for counsel's review and signature. Encore does not file, appear, or give legal advice.

  • Draft Motion for Substituted Service (106(b)), Motion for Citation by Publication (109), or Motion for Substituted Service in Lieu of Publication (109a)
  • Proposed Order with findings that track the rule's required language — including the 109a actual-notice recital
  • Affidavit incorporated as Exhibit A, with the exhibit package numbered and cross-referenced
  • Formatted to the court's caption, local form, and standing-order requirements you provide
  • Delivered in editable Word format alongside the executed PDF
Add motion & order to my quote
Add-on · existing matter

Supplemental Affidavit

When the court wants one more thing — another attempt window, a specific source, a finding the first motion didn't reach — we run the additional work and deliver a supplemental affidavit keyed to the original exhibit numbering, so counsel refiles rather than restarts.

  • Scoped to what the judge asked for, in the judge's words where you have them
  • New attempts, sources, and captures logged and dated like the original
  • Exhibits continue the original numbering for a clean record
Quoted per matter
Hearing · deposition

Investigator Testimony & Court Appearance

The investigator who signed the affidavit or ran the surveillance appears for a contested motion, a bill of review, or a deposition and testifies to the work as performed — the search log and exhibit package in hand.

  • Scheduled to the court's setting; remote appearance where the court allows it
  • Billed hourly with a minimum, plus travel outside the home office's metro
  • Pre-hearing call with counsel included
Hourly · minimum applies

Already have attempts on file that won’t carry a motion, or a motion that was denied? See enhanced affidavits when the service record is thin.

What's inside

Included with every comprehensive search affidavit

Every avenue below is worked and logged — not sampled — so the affidavit can recite what was searched, when, and what came back. This is the difference between a search the court can inspect and a search it has to take on faith.

Search protocol

Every item worked & logged
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Identity resolutionFull name, aliases, maiden and married names, date-of-birth range, and identifier association resolved before any address work begins.
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Address history timelineCredit-header, utility, and public-record history assembled into a dated timeline rather than an undifferentiated list.
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Multi-platform database sweepSeveral licensed investigative platforms queried independently, so one vendor's coverage gap doesn't quietly become a gap in your affidavit.
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Relatives & associatesHousehold members, relatives, and known associates identified and — where appropriate to the matter — contacted, with each contact and result logged.
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EmploymentCurrent and prior employers verified, both as a service location and to support a place-of-business finding under 106(b)(1).
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Real property & tenancyDeeds, appraisal district records, and lease or occupancy indicators tied to each candidate address.
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Vehicle & DPPA recordsRegistration data and license-plate-recognition sightings used for permissible purposes to confirm presence at an address.
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Social media & OSINTPlatform-by-platform sweep with account attribution and preservation captures — evidence of ownership and use, not a bare screenshot.
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Incarceration, death & probateCounty, state, and federal custody records, plus death and probate filings that can end the search outright.
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Professional & occupational licensingState licensing records that surface current employment, business addresses, and mailing addresses the subject keeps current.
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Postal & voterChange-of-address and voter registration checks that either corroborate or defeat each candidate address.
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Field verificationA licensed investigator physically works the strongest addresses at varied days and times, with photographs and GPS-stamped attempt records.

What ships with the affidavit

Exhibit package
Notarized affidavit executed by the licensed investigator who performed the work
Investigator qualifications and Texas PI license recitation
Chronological search log — every step, date, source, and result
Database and source list with the date each was queried
Dated screen captures with source URLs for every online source relied on
Field attempt log with GPS coordinates, timestamps, and photographs
Returned mail, undeliverable notices, and postal responses
Incarceration, death, and probate search results
Exhibits numbered and keyed to the affidavit paragraphs for your motion
Proposed order language drafted to the method you're requesting

Encore does not authorize alternative service — your court does. Our role is to hand you a record that makes the finding easy: specific facts, dated sources, and a stated basis for why the method you're requesting is reasonably calculated to reach this defendant. If the motion is contested or the judgment is later challenged, the investigator who signed the affidavit is available for a supplement, a hearing, or deposition.

Request an affidavit quote
Options & Add-Ons

Layer these onto any field assignment

Premium options that attach to service of process, substitute-service attempts, locates, and surveillance to give you documentation and real-time visibility in the field.

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Video Documentation

Service of process or field investigation captured on timestamped video — an evidentiary record of the attempt or serve, ready for your file and the court.

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Live Field Updates

Optional real-time status texts every 30–60 minutes while an investigator or server is actively working the assignment, so you always know where things stand.

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Rush & Expedited

Move to the front of the line when timing is critical. Choose the turnaround that fits your deadline:

ImmediateStarted within hours of order
Same-DayCompleted same business day
Next-DayDelivered by next business day
PriorityExpedited ahead of standard queue

Rush availability varies by service and subject; confirmed at quote.

Get started

Request an affidavit quote

Tell us the method you're seeking, what's been tried, and your deadline. We'll confirm which affidavit fits and send a per-matter quote. Prefer email? Reach us at investigations@encorelegalprocess.com.

Need to talk it through first?

Schedule a consultation with our investigations team to scope a complex matter or strategy. A consultation fee applies and may be waived or applied toward the cost of certain services.

Schedule a consultation

Have a single matter? Use our intake form

Our step-by-step intake walks you through everything we need for one case, including subject details and prior service attempts. This quote request is better for firms with ongoing or high-volume needs.

Open the intake form →
  • Affidavit built to the finding the rule requires
  • Every search step dated, sourced, and logged
  • Draft motion and proposed order on request
  • Investigator available for hearing or deposition

Investigations services require a permissible purpose. Our team will confirm scope and pricing before any work begins.

Stop losing motions on thin affidavits

Send us the non-serve and the deadline. We'll build the diligence record — and the motion to go with it — so the court can grant what you're asking for.

Request an affidavit quote
A note on permissible use. Encore Legal Investigations provides investigative services to attorneys, businesses, and qualified clients with a permissible purpose under applicable law. Our services are not consumer reports and may not be used to determine eligibility for credit, insurance, employment, or housing under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Financial searches are conducted lawfully under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) with no pretexting; license-plate-recognition and motor-vehicle data are used only for purposes permitted under the Driver's Privacy Protection Act (DPPA). Asset search results and availability vary by subject and jurisdiction; "hit" and "no-hit" fees are confirmed in each quote. Investigations are conducted under Texas Private Investigator License #A29721001.

A note on affidavits and alternative service. Encore prepares factual investigative affidavits describing the searches performed and the results obtained. Where requested, we also prepare draft motions and proposed orders at the direction of counsel, for counsel's review, revision, and signature. We are not a law firm, do not provide legal advice, do not represent parties, and do not determine whether alternative service is available in your matter. Authorization for substituted, electronic, publication, or posted service rests solely with the court, and rule requirements, local rules, and standing orders vary by court and case type. Rule references on this site are to the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure and are provided for identification only. Counsel remains responsible for the content of any filing and for compliance with the applicable rules.

Sales tax. Applicable Texas state and local sales tax is added to taxable services. Certain out-of-state matters may be exempt, and valid exemption or resale certificates are accepted where applicable. Sales tax, if any, is reflected on your quote and invoice.
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